主題：從神經外科的觀點看退化性脊椎疾患 「課程大綱」： 1. 脊椎的生物力學Biomechanics of the spine 2. 退化性脊椎疾患Degenerative spine disease A. 頸椎Cervical spine B. 腰椎Lumbar spine C. 紅旗指標Red flags D. 陷套與非陷套神經病變Entrapment and Non- Entrapment neuropathies 3. 脊椎變形Spine deformity 4. 骨質疏鬆Osteoporosis 5. 退化性脊椎疾患治療策略 Therapeutic strategies for Degenerative spine disease A. 保守性療法conservative treatment B. 介入性疼痛治療Interventional pain management C. 手術治療surgery 6. 特別議題: 下背手術失敗症候群 Special issue: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS)